Z Score Calculator

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Find the z score, percentile and p-value for a value

From a value to a z score

130 is 2.000 standard deviations above the mean. About 97.72% of values fall below it.

z = (x − μ) / σ2.000000
Percentile, P(Z ≤ z) × 10097.7250%
Left tail, P(Z ≤ z)0.977250
Right tail, P(Z ≥ z)0.022750
Two-tailed, P(|Z| ≥ |z|)0.045500

From a percentile to a z score

A value at the 97.5th percentile has z = 1.959964. Check: Φ(z) × 100 = 97.500000.

Probability between two values

Uses the mean and standard deviation entered above.

z from -1.0000 to 1.0000. P(85 < X < 115) = Φ(zhi) − Φ(zlo) = 0.682689, or 68.27%.

Φ is the standard normal cumulative distribution. Values use the regularized incomplete gamma function, checked in the test suite against published tables to within 10⁻⁹.

📐 Z Score Calculator — Free Online Tool

Find the z score, percentile and p-value for any value. A z score says how many standard deviations a value sits above or below the mean: z = (x − μ) / σ. If the data are roughly normal, the z score also gives the percentile and the probability in each tail. This calculator takes a value, mean and standard deviation and returns the z score, the percentile, the left and right tail probabilities, and the two-tailed p-value. It also runs the other way, from a percentile to a z score.

How to use it

  1. Enter the value x, the mean μ and the standard deviation σ. The standard deviation must be greater than zero.
  2. Read the z score and the percentile. The percentile is the share of the distribution below your value.
  3. Use the left tail for P(Z ≤ z), the right tail for P(Z ≥ z), or the two-tailed value for a test on either side.
  4. To go backwards, enter a percentile in the second box to get the matching z score.

🚀 Why use this Z Score Calculator tool?

The z score puts values from different scales on one scale. Once you have z, a table or this calculator converts it into a probability with the standard normal distribution. 100% free, no registration, and complete privacy — everything runs locally in your browser, so your data never touches a server.

Key Features

🧮Z from value, mean and SD

Enter the three numbers and the calculator returns z = (x − μ) / σ, rounded to six decimal places in the result table.

📊Percentile and tails

Get the percentile, the left tail P(Z ≤ z), the right tail P(Z ≥ z) and the two-tailed P(|Z| ≥ |z|) in one table.

↩️Percentile back to z

Enter a percentile and get the z score that corresponds to it, with a check value that recomputes the percentile.

🔒Accurate and private

The normal CDF uses the regularized incomplete gamma function and is checked against published reference values. Nothing you enter leaves the page.

Popular Use Cases

Statistics coursework

  • • Convert a score to z
  • • Read a normal table by hand
  • • Check a textbook answer

Research and QA

  • • Flag outliers beyond ±3
  • • Compare results on different scales
  • • Find the percentile of a measurement

Testing and hypothesis work

  • • Two-tailed p-value for a z test
  • • One-tailed tail probability
  • • Critical z for a chosen level

What It Handles

Forward

  • ✓ z from x, μ and σ
  • ✓ Percentile, left, right and two-tailed
  • ✓ Live update as you type

Inverse

  • ✓ Percentile to z
  • ✓ Check value to confirm the round trip

Method

  • ✓ Standard normal distribution
  • ✓ Regularized incomplete gamma
  • ✓ Runs in the browser, nothing sent

Related Tools

Sources & References

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a z score of 1.96 mean?

It means the value is 1.96 standard deviations above the mean. About 97.5% of a normal distribution lies below that point, so the right tail is about 0.025 and the two-tailed p-value is about 0.05.

Which tail should I use?

Use the left tail for the chance of a value at or below x, the right tail for the chance of a value at or above x, and the two-tailed value when a result on either side counts, as in a standard two-sided test.

Is the normal distribution required?

The z score itself is just a standardized distance, so it can be computed for any data. The percentile and tail probabilities assume the data are approximately normal, which is the case the normal tables describe.

How accurate is the normal CDF here?

The calculator evaluates the normal CDF with the regularized incomplete gamma function. In our test suite it matches published reference values such as Φ(1.96) = 0.9750021 to about nine decimal places.

🎓 Pro Tips

  • Tip 1: Use the population standard deviation when you know it. If you only have a sample, the sample standard deviation is the usual estimate, but the z score then becomes an approximation.
  • Tip 2: A z score beyond ±3 is rare under a normal distribution, so treat it as a strong outlier signal and check the data first.
  • Tip 3: For a two-sided 95% test, the critical z is about 1.96. Any two-tailed p-value below 0.05 corresponds to |z| above that value.
  • Tip 4: Enter the mean and SD in the same units as the value. A mismatch is the most common source of a wildly wrong z.
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